Contents
Article 4 (New). Policies of the State Involving Inheritance
Article 5 (Amended). Inheritance of a Person Declared by Court as Deceased
Article 6. Date of Opening Inheritance
Article 7. Place of Opening Inheritance
Article 8. Types of Inheritance
Part II:Inheritance by Operation of Law
Article 9. Inheritance by Operation of Law
Article 11 (New). Order of Inheritance
Article 12.Distribution of Inheritance/Heritage Among the Surviving Spouse and Children
Article 14 (Amended). Distribution of Inheritance Among Relatives of Horizontal Lineage
Article 15. (Amended)Distribution of Inheritance Among the Children of the Deceased
Article 16.Right to Inheritance of Unborn Children
Article 17.Inheritance Between the Head of the Family and Servants
Article 18 (Amended). Inheritance without Heirs
Article 19 (Amended). Inheritance of Monks and Novitiates
Article 20. Right to Inheritance of Separated Spouses
Article 22.Conditions for Replacing Heirs
Article 23.Right to Waive Inheritance
Part III:Inheritance by Operation of Will and Testament
Article 24.Right to Make Unconditional Gifts, Conditional Gifts or to Establish a Will and Testament
Article 26. Forms of Will and Testament
Article 27.Written Wills and Testaments
Article 28.Verbal Wills and Testaments
Article 30.Rights of Heirs by Operation of Will and Testament
Article 31.Persons not Entitled to Receive Property through Written Will and Testament
Article 32 (Amended). Appointment of an Inheritance Administrator
Article 33 (Amended).Alteration or Cancelation of a Will and Testament
Article 34. Causes Leading to Cancelation of a Will and Testament
Article 36 (Amended). Appointment of an Executor of the Will and Testament
Article 37. Rights and Obligations of the Executor of the Will and Testament
Part IV:Acceptance, Waiver, Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Chapter 1:Acceptance and Waiver of Inheritance
Article 38 (Amended). Request for Opening of Inheritance
Article 39.Making an Inventory of Inheritance
Article 40 (Amended). Period of Limitation for Claims on Inheritance
Article 41. Distribution of Inheritance Under the Administration of an Heir
Article 42 (Amended). Acceptance of Inheritance
Article 43.Inheritance which is not Accepted within Due Time
Article 44.Scope of Rights to Decide over Inheritance
Article 45. (Amended)Waiver of Inheritance
Article 46.Waiver of Inheritance by Persons Having No Capacity to Act
Chapter 2:Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Article 47 (New).Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Article 48.Fraud or Misappropriation of Inheritance
Article 49 (Amended).Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance of Parents and Children
Article 51 (New). Cancelation of Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Part V:Administration of Inheritance and Responsibilities of Heirs
Chapter 1:Administration of Inheritance
Article 52 (Amended). Administration of Inheritance
Article 53 (Amended).Person not Entitled to be Administrators of Inheritance
Article 54. Rights and Duties of Administrators of Inheritance
Article 55.Cancellation of the Appointment of the Administrator of the Inheritance
Chapter 2:Responsibilities of Heirs
Article 56. Settlement of Debts
Article 57. Period for Making Claims for the Settlement of Debts
Article 58. Distribution of Inheritance where no Agreement Can be Reached
Article 59.Prohibitions on Heirs
Article 60. Prohibitions on Administrators of Inheritance
Article 61. Prohibitions on Executors of Will and Testaments
Article 62. Prohibitions on Village Chiefs, Officers or Responsible Individuals
Article 63. Prohibitions on Officers of the Notary Public
Part VII (New):Incentives for Good Performance and Measures Against Violators
Article 64 (New). Incentives for Good Performance
Article 65 (New).Measures Against Violators
Part VIII (New):Final Provisions
Article 66 (New). Implementation
Article 67 (New). Effectiveness
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY
President No. 237/P
Vientiane Capital, dated 18.12.2008
Edict
of the
PRESIDENT
of the
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
On the Promulgation of the Law on Inheritance (Amended)
The President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Decrees That:
Article 1. The Law on Inheritance (Amended) is hereby promulgated.
Article 2. This decree shall enter into force on the date it is signed.
The President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
[Seal and Signature]
Choummaly SAYASONE
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
PEACE INDEPENDENCE DEMOCRACY UNITY PROSPERITY
National Assembly No. 222/NA
RESOLUTION
of the
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
of the
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
On the Adoption of the Law on Inheritance (Amended)
After broad consideration of the contents of the Law on Inheritance (Amended) at the 6th Session of the VI General Assembly of the National Assembly at the morning session on 8 December 2008.
The General Assembly Resolves to:
Article 1. Adopt The Law on Inheritance (Amended) by a majority resolution.
Article 2. This resolution shall enter into force on the date it is signed.
Vientiane Capital, dated 8 December 2008
President of the National Assembly
[Seal and Signature]
Thongsing THAMMAVONG
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity
National Assembly No. 02/NA
Vientiane Capital, Dated 8 December 2008
LAW ON INHERITANCE
General Provisions
The Law on Inheritance determines the principles, regulations, [and] measures on the allocation, inheritance and management of inheritance aiming to ensure correctness and fairness of inheritance, ensuring that the rights and obligations of the owner of the assets and the heir are clearly executed for a peaceful and orderly society.
Inheritance refers to the passing of property of the deceased person, including its rights and obligations to the entitled heirs by the operation of the law or under a Will and Testament.
The terms used in this Law have the following meanings:
Article 4 (New). Policies of the State Involving Inheritance
The State facilitates, and protects the rights and interests of individuals in the unconditional giving, conditional giving or transfer of assets to individuals, organizations or foundations1.
The State promotes individuals, organizations or legal entities who receive assets unconditionally, conditionally, through transfer or inheritance to transform such assets or inheritance into capital and use such for business purposes or for public benefit.
Article 5 (Amended). Inheritance of a Person Declared by Court as Deceased
When an individual is declared deceased by a court, the inheritance will pass to the heir(s). If thereafter the said deceased is found to be still living, the successor2(s) shall return the remaining assets so received, but the owner shall compensate the heir for the maintenance costs of such inheritance.
In the event that the individual so declared deceased by a court and at a later time found to be still living, but does not demand the return of his/her property within three years for moveable assets, and five years for immovable property from the date that he/she became aware of the declaration of the court, such property shall belong to the successor.
Article 6. Date of Opening Inheritance
The opening of inheritance commences from the date of the death of the owner of the inheritance/heritage. In the event that the owner of the inheritance is declared deceased by a court, the date of the issuance of the final decision shall be deemed the commencement date of opening of inheritance.
Article 7. Place of Opening Inheritance
The last permanent address of the owner of the inheritance shall be the place of opening of inheritance. If the address of the owner of the inheritance is unclear, the location of major inheritance shall be the place of opening the inheritance.
The opening of inheritance shall take place in the presence of heirs, close relatives and witnesses and undertaken in writing in the presence of a notary public or of the village head in the event that a notary public is unavailable at such place.
Article 8. Types of Inheritance
There are two types of inheritance, namely:
Inheritance by Operation of Law
Article 9. Inheritance by Operation of Law
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1As in charities.
2The translator has used the term ‘successor’ as the owner of the property has been found to be still living and therefore cannot be a ‘heir’. Lao uses the same term for ‘heir’ and ‘successor’.
Inheritance by the operation of law will take place in the following cases:
Heirs are as follows:
Article 11 (New). Order of Inheritance
In the distribution of inheritance to heirs as provided in Article 10 above, the closest relatives to the owner of the heritage are entitled to receive their share first. Relatives of the next lower order will only receive a distribution when there remain are no closer relatives of the owner of the heritage.
Article 12.Distribution of Inheritance/Heritage Among the Surviving Spouse and Children
In the event that a spouse dies leaving the other spouse and children behind, the children have the right to inherit the three-quarters of the original assets of the deceased; the remaining quarter shall pass to the surviving spouse.
The matrimonial property shall be divided in half, namely the first half shall pass to the surviving spouse and the other half to be divided into equal parts among the children.
The surviving spouse shall have the right to administer the assets passed to the children who have not reached the age of maturity.
Article 13. Distribution of Inheritance/Heritage Among the Surviving Spouse and Relatives of Direct Lineage In
the event that a spouse dies having had no offspring, leaving behind only a spouse and relatives of direct lineage, the distribution of heritage shall be executed as follows:
Article 14 (Amended). Distribution of Inheritance Among Relatives of Horizontal Lineage
If the deceased person has neither offspring nor relatives of direct lineage, but leaves behind a spouse, the relatives of indirect lineage by priority of closeness, will only receive half of the original assets of the deceased, and the remaining half and all matrimonial property will pass to the surviving spouse.
The distribution of inheritance among relatives of indirect lineage shall be divided equally.
Article 15. (Amended)Distribution of Inheritance Among the Children of the Deceased
The distribution of inheritance among the children of the deceased person shall be executed as follows:
Offspring, adopted children, and stepchildren who took care of their parents until death handled the funeral rites, shall be entitled to an allocation of the inheritance of the deceased at a greater portion than other heirs.
Article 16.Right to Inheritance of Unborn Children
Unborn children are entitled to their share of inheritance of the deceased. The mother shall manage the inheritance.
Article 17.Inheritance Between the Head of the Family and Servants
If the head of the family dies and has no heirs, servants who served the family for more than three years will inherit the inheritance.
Similarly, if a servant dies and has no heirs, the head of' the family will inherit the servant’s inheritance.
Article 18 (Amended). Inheritance without Heirs
When a person dies without heirs or the whereabouts of the heir(s) is unknown and no claim is made within six months, the total inheritance will be administered by the State.
If the period of limitation for a lawsuit expires as provided in Article 40 of this law, such inheritance will become the property of the State. The notary public or village head participating in the opening of the inheritance will determine the appropriation of a part of the inheritance for arranging the funeral of the deceased person and repaying the debts of the deceased.
Article 19 (Amended). Inheritance of Monks and Novitiates
A monk or novitiate who acquired assets prior to becoming ordained or after ordination is entitled to give assets unconditionally, conditionally or make a Will and Testament towards other individuals or organizations in accordance with laws and regulations and has the right to inheritance in accordance with laws and regulations.
In the event that a monk or novitiate dies without heirs or without assigning any asset to any person or organization, all such assets will belong to the temple or religious premises where the relevant party resided.
Article 20. Right to Inheritance of Separated Spouses
Spouses who have separated, but have not yet legally divorced still have the right to inherit from each other.
When a legal heir dies before the owner of the inheritance, the remaining heirs of the deceased have the right to the inheritance in order of priority. If the replacing heir dies, the replacing heirs shall receive the inheritance and so forth.
Article 22.Conditions for Replacing Heirs
A replacing heir shall fall under the following conditions:
Article 23.Right to Waive Inheritance
An heir who has waived the right to inheritance and such inheritance has passed to another party, still has the right to be a replacing, but not of the inheritance of which it waived its right to.
Inheritance by Operation of Will and Testament
Article 24.Right to Make Unconditional Gifts, Conditional Gifts or to Establish a Will and Testament
All citizens have the right to make unconditional gifts, make conditional gifts or to establish Wills and Testaments to a single individual or several individuals, or to State organizations, collectives and social organizations, funds and foundations or reserve a part as a place of worship or for donation to the underprivileged by their own intention prior to death.
Article 25 (Amended). Scope of Rights in Making Unconditional Gifts, Conditional Gifts or the Establishment of Wills and Testaments
An owner of assets who is still living who is to make an unconditional gift, a conditional gift or establish a Will and Testament shall perform as follows:
When making an unconditional gift, a conditional gift or establishing a Will and Testament in excess of the above, such excess shall be null and void and shall be allocated in accordance with the procedures for inheritance by operation of law.
Article 26. Forms of Will and Testament
Wills and Testaments may be made in the two following forms:
Article 27.Written Wills and Testaments
The establishment of a written Will and Testament may be written by the Legator. If it is written by another person, at least three witnesses shall be present, but such shall be kept confidential until the opening of inheritance.
The Will and Testament shall specify the place and date of the establishment of the Will and Testament, the type and quantity of assets to be assigned, the names and surnames of the assignor and assignee(s) and of the writer and witnesses.
The Legator, writer and witnesses shall affix their signatures and thumbprints on the Will and Testament.
Upon establishment, the Will and Testament shall be placed in a wax-sealed envelope and then registered with the office of the notary public where the Legator resides or the nearest location or kept with the village authorities for places where an office of the notary public is not located.
Article 28.Verbal Wills and Testaments
Any owner of assets who is unable to establish a written will due to being in a critical near-death condition, or due to poor health or other causes, may make a verbal will in the presence of at least three witnesses.
These witnesses shall immediately notify the instructions of the Legator to the office of the notary public or the village authorities and clarify the reasons why such owner of the assets is unable to make a written Will and Testament.
A verbal Will and Testament will be unenforceable one month from the date that the owner of the assets returns to a state normal health condition.
The owner of the assets has the right to appoint a reserve heir to replace the heir originally designated in the event that the original heir becomes deceased prior to the opening of the opening of the inheritance in accordance with the Will and Testament.
Article 30.Rights of Heirs by Operation of Will and Testament
The heir of an inheritance by the operation of a Will and Testament still has the right to inheritance by operation of Law.
Article 31.Persons not Entitled to Receive Property through Written Will and Testament
The writer of the Will and Testament, witnesses to the Will and Testament and the spouse and children of the relevant party are not entitled to receive property assets through the operation of a Will and Testament.
Article 32 (Amended). Appointment of an Inheritance Administrator
The owner of the assets may appoint an inheritance administrator if he/she wishes to establish a Will and Testament in favor of a person who has not reached the age of maturity or has no capacity to act.
Such inheritance administrator may appoint another person to replace him/her as the inheritance administrator, unless the owner of the assets provides otherwise in the Will and Testament.
The rights of the inheritance administrator will expire when the child reaches maturity or when the person without the capacity to act recovers to a normal condition.
Article 33 (Amended).Alteration or Cancelation of a Will and Testament
The owner of the assets has the right to alter or cancel a Will and Testament that he/she has established at any time by making a new Will and Testament.
Such newly established Will and Testament will replace the whole or part of the previous Will and Testament where it conflicts with the new Will and Testament.
Article 34. Causes Leading to Cancelation of a Will and Testament
An established Will and Testament will be canceled for the following causes:
A Will and Testament shall be invalid in the following cases:
Article 36 (Amended). Appointment of an Executor of the Will and Testament
An Executor of a Will and Testament may be appointed by:
Article 37. Rights and Obligations of the Executor of the Will and Testament
The Will and Testament may only be executed once the owner of the property has died.
The Executor of the Will has the right to do all that is deemed necessary and suitable in order to execute the Will and Testament.
The Executor of the Will and Testament shall not receive any bonus for the execution of the Will and Testament, but is entitled to compensation for necessary expenses in the preservation and administration of the inheritance.
The Executor of the Will and Testament has the obligation to notify the heirs regarding the execution.
Acceptance, Waiver, Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Acceptance and Waiver of Inheritance
Article 38 (Amended). Request for Opening of Inheritance
Any heir may request the opening of inheritance at any time, except as otherwise provided in the Will and Testament or as agreed otherwise.
If there is an heir who has not yet reached the age of maturity, the distribution of the heritage may be postponed until such heir reaches the age of 18 years. In the event that the inheritance is distributed at that time, such shall be attended by an officer of the notary public or the village chief in order to be certified.
In all cases, if a spouse dies and the surviving spouse has remarried, the children may request distribution of the inheritance.
Article 39.Making an Inventory of Inheritance
Prior to distribution of inheritance, an inventory of the property of the owner of the inheritance shall be made as follows:
After settling the list of receivables and expenses, the inheritance may be divide in their respective parts.
Article 40 (Amended). Period of Limitation for Claims on Inheritance
Claims for inheritance may be made within three years from the date of the death of the owner of the inheritance, After such period has passed, the right to bring a claim will be terminated, except in the event that the claimant has not reached the age of 18 years after the death of the owner of the inheritance or other sufficient reasons.
Article 41. Distribution of Inheritance Under the Administration of an Heir
An heir administering inheritance that has yet to be distributed has the has the right to request the distribution of such inheritance at any time regardless of whether the period of limitation provided in Article 40 of this law has passed.
Article 42 (Amended). Acceptance of Inheritance
A heir by operation of law will be deemed a recipient of the inheritance once he/she expresses his/her intention to accept the inheritance before the village administration authorities where the inheritance was opened.
An heir by operation of a Will and Testament will be deemed a recipient of the inheritance once he/she expresses his/her intention to accept the inheritance before the office of the notary public or village administration authorities where there is no office of the notary public.
Acceptance of the inheritance shall be made within six months of opening the inheritance.
In the event that an heir waives his/her right to inheritance, the person accepting the inheritance of the waiver shall express his/her intention to accept such inheritance within the remaining period. If the remaining period is less than three months, the person who wishes to accept the inheritance has the right to request the court for an extension of such period but by not more than three months.
An officer of the notary public or the village chief shall issue a certificate of inheritance to the heir(s) as evidence.
Article 43.Inheritance which is not Accepted within Due Time
Inheritance which is still in its original form passed down to any heir who has not accepted it within the period stated in Paragraph 3, of Article 42 of this Law, but which has been accepted by another heir or handed over to the State will be returned to the original heir who failed to accept the inheritance, only if the recipient heir or the State gives its consent. If consent is not provided, the court will consider a decision in favor of the original heir if there is sufficient reason.
In the event that an heir by operation of law or by operation of a Will and Testament dies after the opening of inheritance, but did not accept his part of the inheritance within the period stated in Paragraph 3, Article 42 of this Law the heirs of the deceased shall be entitled to the inheritance.
Article 44.Scope of Rights to Decide over Inheritance
Prior to the opening of inheritance or the receipt of certificates of acceptance of inheritance, the guardian or heir administering the inheritance shall have no right to decide over such inheritance, excepts in instances where expenses have been paid for the following:
Article 45. (Amended)Waiver of Inheritance
Heirs by operation of law or by the operation of a Will and Testament may waive their inheritance in favor of an individual, State organization, foundation or any fund. Such waiver shall be made within six months from the date of the opening of inheritance.
Persons waiving their inheritance awarded by operation of law shall express their intent in writing to the village administration authorities stating the name of the individual or the organization that has received its favor.
Persons waiving their inheritance awarded by operation of Will and Testament shall express their intent in writing to office of the notary public stating the name of the individual or the organization that has received its favor.
In the event that such persons or organizations are not identified, the inheritance so waived will pass to other heirs by operation of law.
Article 46.Waiver of Inheritance by Persons Having No Capacity to Act
Heirs who have not yet reached the age of 18 years or have no capacity to act will not be able to waive their inheritance, unless their parents or their guardians consent.
Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Article 47 (New).Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
Heirs will forfeit their right to inheritance as follows:
Article 48.Fraud or Misappropriation of Inheritance
Heirs who defraud, concealing or misappropriate inheritance that exceeds their share of entitlement will not receive any part of the inheritance and shall also return all the inheritance that was taken. If the defrauding, concealing or misappropriation is less than or equal their share of entitlement, they shall not receive their share.
This article will not apply to heirs by operation of Will and Testament whom the owner of the inheritance has awarded the inheritance to the heirs.
Article 49 (Amended).Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance of Parents and Children
Parents losing their rights of parenthood pursuant to a decision of a court will not have the right to inherit property from their children, similarly, the children will not have the right to inherit from their parents, except where the child has not yet reached maturity.
In the event that parents are declared by a decision of a court to have not fulfilled their obligations in raising their their children, they will not have the right to inherit from their children. Children who reach maturity and are declared by a decision of a court to have not fulfilled their obligations in caring for their parents will similarly not have the right of inheritance from their parents.
Article 50. Persons Forfeiting the Right to Inheritance by Operation of Law and by Operation of Will and Testament
Persons forfeiting the right to inheritance by operation of law or by operation of Will and Testament are as follows:
The persons stated above will only lose their right to inheritance when the owner of the inheritance states his/her intention in writing, except where the owner of the inheritance becomes deceased in accordance with Items 1, 3 and 5 of this Article.
If the individuals stated above have acted unjustly, refused to be under the guardianship of their parents, refused to take care of their parents during old-age or in times of sickness and had the capability to do so shall forfeit their right to inheritance and shall perform in accordance with Paragraph 49 of this Law.
Article 51 (New). Cancelation of Forfeiture of Right to Inheritance
The owner of the inheritance may cancel the forfeiture of right to inheritance as provided in Article 50 by giving its intent under evidence or in the presence of witnesses.
Administration of Inheritance and Responsibilities of Heirs
Administration of Inheritance
Article 52 (Amended). Administration of Inheritance
Upon a request for the administration of inheritance or in cases of necessity, the officers of the notary public or the village chief at the place of opening of inheritance takes place shall determine measures for the administration of inheritance or appoint an administrator of inheritance in order to ensure the interests of heirs and creditors.
Article 53 (Amended).Person not Entitled to be Administrators of Inheritance
Persons not entitled to be administrators of inheritance are as follows:
Article 54. Rights and Duties of Administrators of Inheritance
The rights and duties of administrators of inheritance are as follows:
The administrator of the inheritance has no right to claim for any allowance for the administration of the heritage, unless the heirs are willing award such.
Article 55.Cancellation of the Appointment of the Administrator of the Inheritance
If any administrator fails to perform its rights and duties or performs carelessly or without good faith, the relevant officer of the notary public or village chief has the right to cancel the appointment of such administrator and appoint a new administrator as a replacement within seven days from the date of such cancellation.
Responsibilities of Heirs
Article 56. Settlement of Debts
Heirs, by operation of law or by operation of Will and Testament shall be responsible for the settlement of debts of the owner of the inheritance up to the amount of inheritance received.
If the heritage has not yet been distributed, the creditor has the right to claim for settlement of all debts from the heirs or from the administrator of the inheritance.
If the inheritance has been distributed, the creditor may request any of the heirs to settle the debts. In the event that any heir settles the debts to the creditor in excess of the part of the inheritance that such heir has received, other heirs shall reimburse such payment to such heir in equal amounts.
If any heir is unable to settle debts according to his/her part, the other heirs shall settle the debts of the creditor on his/her behalf in equal parts.
The settlement of the debts of the owner of the inheritance heritage shall be borne only from the property of the inheritance.
Article 57. Period for Making Claims for the Settlement of Debts
The creditor has the right to claim for settlement of debts against heirs who have received the inheritance or from the administrator or the executor of the Will and Testament or to submit a request for debt settlement to the office of the notary public or the head of the village administration authorities where the opening of inheritance took place, or to the courts within six months of the opening of inheritance.
If the creditor has not made any claim or submitted a request for settlement of debts within six months, the creditor will have no further rights without sufficient reason.
Article 58. Distribution of Inheritance where no Agreement Can be Reached
If no agreement can be reached on the distribution of inheritance among heirs, the court will decide if claims are made.
Prohibitions
Article 59.Prohibitions on Heirs
Heirs are prohibited from the following acts:
Article 60. Prohibitions on Administrators of Inheritance
Administrators of inheritance are prohibited from the following acts:
Article 61. Prohibitions on Executors of Will and Testaments
Executors of Will and Testaments are prohibited from the following acts:
Article 62. Prohibitions on Village Chiefs, Officers or Responsible Individuals
Village chiefs, responsible officers or individuals are prohibited from the following acts:
Article 63. Prohibitions on Officers of the Notary Public
Officers of the notary public are prohibited from the following acts:
Incentives for Good Performance and Measures Against Violators
Article 64 (New). Incentives for Good Performance
Individuals or organizations that perform well in the implementation of this Law will be commended or receive other incentives as deemed appropriate.
Article 65 (New).Measures Against Violators
Individuals or organizations that violate this Law shall be educated, face disciplinary measures, fined, be subject to civil procedures or criminal punishment depending on the severity of the case.
Final Provisions
Article 66 (New). Implementation
The Government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is responsible for the implementation of this Law.
Article 67 (New). Effectiveness
This Law shall be effective from the date that the President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic issues the Promulgating Decree.
All amended and added Articles shall be effective 60 days from the date that the President of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic issues the Promulgating Decree.
Provisions and regulations that conflict with this Law are hereby repealed.
President of the National Assembly
[Seal and Signature]
Thongsing THAMMAVONG